The 11th-century Arab Leonardo da Vinci

Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi is an 11th-century Arab engineer and writer from Spain about whose life no details are known. His only preserved work, discovered in the 20th century in the Laurentian Library in Florence, describes surprising inventions such as a flying machine, a diving suit, and bicycles. This treatise also includes an automatic hydraulic calendar created around the year 1000, which earned him the nickname of Leonardo islámico.