The Manifesto of the 93 German intellectuals

The Manifesto of the 93 is a document written by a group of ninety-three German intellectuals to attempt to exonerate their army from the massacres committed in Belgium. This publication occurred after the Bishop of Namur, Thomas-Louis Heylen, informed Pope Benedict XV of the atrocities committed in Dinant. In response, the Reich Foreign Office also published a White Book on May 10, 1915, to accuse the local population.