An improvised eye surgery was performed without chloroform in Antarctica

Æneas Mackintosh is an explorer who lost his right eye following a crane accident on the ship Nimrod. The operation was conducted by the doctor Eric Marshall with makeshift equipment and in the total absence of chloroform. Injured on 31 January 1908, the patient showed more disappointment for his forced repatriation to New Zealand than for the loss of his organ.